Maximum displacement is the amplitude A.Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is oscillatory motion for a system where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to the displacement.These quantities are related by f = 1 T f=1T. The time for one oscillation is the period T and the number of oscillations per unit time is the frequency f. Periodic motion is a repeating oscillation.Key Equations Relationship between frequency and period Key Terms amplitude ( A) maximum displacement from the equilibrium position of an object oscillating around the equilibrium position critically damped condition in which the damping of an oscillator causes it to return as quickly as possible to its equilibrium position without oscillating back and forth about this position elastic potential energy potential energy stored as a result of deformation of an elastic object, such as the stretching of a spring equilibrium position position where the spring is neither stretched nor compressed force constant ( k) characteristic of a spring which is defined as the ratio of the force applied to the spring to the displacement caused by the force frequency ( f) number of events per unit of time natural angular frequency angular frequency of a system oscillating in SHM oscillation single fluctuation of a quantity, or repeated and regular fluctuations of a quantity, between two extreme values around an equilibrium or average value overdamped condition in which damping of an oscillator causes it to return to equilibrium without oscillating oscillator moves more slowly toward equilibrium than in the critically damped system period ( T) time taken to complete one oscillation periodic motion motion that repeats itself at regular time intervals phase shift angle, in radians, that is used in a cosine or sine function to shift the function left or right, used to match up the function with the initial conditions of data physical pendulum any extended object that swings like a pendulum resonance large amplitude oscillations in a system produced by a small amplitude driving force, which has a frequency equal to the natural frequency restoring force force acting in opposition to the force caused by a deformation simple harmonic motion (SHM) oscillatory motion in a system where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement, which acts in the direction opposite to the displacement simple harmonic oscillator a device that oscillates in SHM where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to the displacement simple pendulum point mass, called a pendulum bob, attached to a near massless string stable equilibrium point point where the net force on a system is zero, but a small displacement of the mass will cause a restoring force that points toward the equilibrium point torsional pendulum any suspended object that oscillates by twisting its suspension underdamped condition in which damping of an oscillator causes the amplitude of oscillations of a damped harmonic oscillator to decrease over time, eventually approaching zero
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